Simple Distance Measurement System

Materials needed

• Ultrasonic sensor
• Arduino UNO R3 board
• Breadboard
• Jumper wires

Ultrasonic sensor

The ultrasonic sensor uses the same system that bats use to orient themselves. They send an ultrasonic sound and keep listening until the sound comes back. In this manner, they can detect their distance from the object.

Pins:

• VCC: With this pin we will power the sensor.
• Range: This pin allows us to select the distance and precision of the sensor.
• Out: Through this pin, the sensor will show us, with a voltage variation, the measure taken.
• GND: This is the ground pin of the sensor.

Wiring

Connect the GND pin from the ultrasonic sensor to the GND pin on the Arduino board. VCC pin on ultrasonic sensor to 5V on the Arduino board and Out pin on the ultrasonic sensor to any analog pin on the Arduino board.

Code

Arduino Sketch

Add this short code to your Arduino IDE.

unsigned int ADCValue;
void setup(){
    Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop(){

 int val = analogRead(0);
   // ADCValue *=3;
   val = map(val, 0, 300, 0, 255);
    Serial.println(val);
delay(50);
}

Connect the Arduino board to the computer using a USB cable and upload the code to your board. Make sure that the serial monitor is printing the values from the ultrasonic sensor. After that you can move on to Processing to create the interactive art.

Processing

In this project we are going to control a Processing sketch with the Arduino via serial communication. Processing is free, open source software based on Java. It was designed for the visual arts community for creating drawings, animations, and interactive programs. Download the latest version of Processing from Processing.org. Select the right file according to your operating system. Processing is available for Linux, MacOS X, and Windows. Extract all the files and click the Processing icon inside the folder to open it.

The Processing IDE interface is very simple. The play icon in the toolbar allows you to compile and run the program and the stop icon will stop the program. In the bottom of the IDE there is a message area that, when you compile your program, gives you information about errors if any.

Example sketch

Program used as an inspiration for this project: Geometric Spiraling Points by Austin McCasland

Copy the code below to your Processing IDE.

import processing.serial.*;

Serial myPort;  // Create object from Serial class
static String val;    // Data received from the serial port
int sensorVal = 0;
float a;
float circleWidth;
float circleHeight;
float speed;
float distance;
int dotCount;
float[][] coordinates;
float[] angle;
float[][] lineColor;

void setup()
{
   size(800,800); 
  circleWidth = 8;
  circleHeight =circleWidth;
  distance = circleWidth +=1;
  dotCount = floor((height/2)/distance);
  speed = 1.5/height;

  coordinates = new float[2][dotCount];
  angle = new float[dotCount];
  lineColor = new float[3][dotCount];

  stroke(255);
  String portName = Serial.list()[1]; // Change the number (in this case 1) to match the corresponding port number connected to your Arduino. 

  myPort = new Serial(this, portName, 9600);
}

void draw()
{
  if ( myPort.available() > 0) {  // If data is available,
  val = myPort.readStringUntil('\n'); 
  try {
   sensorVal = Integer.valueOf(val.trim());
  }
  catch(Exception e) {
  ;
  }
  println(sensorVal); // read it and store it in vals!
  }  

  speed = (sensorVal*.00001);

  background(0);
  for (int i =0; i<dotCount; i++) { 

    angle[i] += (dotCount-i)*speed;   //calculate the new angle for a given circle
    coordinates[0][i]=width/2+(distance*i)*cos(angle[i]); //calculate the x coordinate for a circle
    coordinates[1][i]=height/2+(distance*i)*sin(angle[i]); //calculate the y coordinate for a circle

     //this stuff changes colors
    lineColor[0][i] = 100;
    lineColor[1][i] = 50+i*2;
    lineColor[2][i] = 100+i*4;

    //draw our lines
    if(i>1) {
      pushStyle();
      strokeWeight(floor(sensorVal*.033));
      stroke(lineColor[0][i], lineColor[1][i], lineColor[2][i], 100);
      line(coordinates[0][i-1], coordinates[1][i-1], coordinates[0][i], coordinates[1][i]);
      popStyle();
    }

  } 
}

Serial library Import processing.serial.*; This library allows us to use the data from the sensors through serial communication.